A circular economy approach for industrial scale biodiesel production from palm oil mill effluent using microwave heating: Design, simulation, techno-economic analysis and location comparison

Abstract This paper examines a green approach to produce industrial-scale biodiesel from palm oil mill effluent (POME) using Microwave Heating. Kinetic data were determined for this reaction and implemented into the Aspen HYSYS simulation software an economic analysis of process. It was found that process is economically feasible with inclusion significant recycle streams additional separation equipment. Malaysia might be best location repurpose because production density. Thailand provides modest sea access direct connection mainland Asia, proving advantageous when distributing fuel. Although shares mainland, terrestrial transport would have travel greater distance, increasing costs emissions. Indonesia, however, offers largest number potential plant locations access.